The testicles make testosterone and sperm. Testicular cancer is a tumour that starts in the testicle and can sometimes spread to other parts of the body.

The term ‘urinary incontinence’ describes the involuntary and unwanted loss of urine. The most common types of urinary incontinence include: Stress Incontinence, Urge Incontinence, Mixed Incontinence, and Overflow Incontinence.

Most urine infections occur when bacteria enter your bladder through your urethra (waterpipe). Risk factors for developing a urinary track infection include sexual intercourse, incomplete bladder emptying, kidney stones, poorly-draining or mis-shapen kidneys, foreign bodies and catheters.

Varicocele describes a condition with swollen and enlarged veins in the scrotum (Figure 1) due to backward flow in the veins. Varicoceles are similar to varicose veins in the leg. Varicoceles are most common in prepubescent and adolescent boys. Varicoceles are more common on the left side because of the way blood drains from the left testicle.