Circumcision may be indicated for tight foreskin (Phimosis), complications from a tight foreskin such as recurrent infections, pain or trouble urinating, scarring / chronic inflammation (Lichen Sclerosis), cancer of the penile foreskin.

Cystoscopy is needed for a range of problems including: blood in the urine, recurrent urinary tract infections, urinary symptoms such as poor flow, frequency, urgency, incontinence, abnormalities of the wall of the bladder requiring a biopsy. If you have had bladder cancer, to check if the cancer hasn’t recurred, and if you have a ureteric stent, to remove the stent.

EWSL Lithotripsy (Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy) is a technique for treating kidney stones that does not require surgery. It involves the use of high energy shock waves that are passed through the body and used to break up the kidney stones into pieces as small as grains of sand. Because of their small size, these pieces can pass from the body along with the urine.

Hydrocele or epididmal cysts are lumps caused by a collection of fluid in the testis or epididymis, which is a long-coiled tube behind the testicles. Surgery to remove and repair a hydrocele or epididmal cyst is indicated with symptoms such as swelling, pain or heaviness.

Instillation of an immunotherapy drug into the bladder is used in patients with aggressive or frequently recurring cancer of the bladder that has not invaded the muscle of the bladder. The most commonly used drug is BCG although other drugs such as Mitomycin, Epirubicin and Gemcytabine can also be used.

Radical nephrectomy / nephroureterectomy or partial nephrectomy is needed for a range of problems including lumps in the kidney confirmed to be / suspicious for cancer, cancer of inner lining of the ureter or kidney, a poorly functioning kidney that is causing symptoms.

A partial nephrectomy is needed for treating lumps in the kidney confirmed or suspicious for cancer. By removing the part of kidney with the cancer only, the overall kidney function can be preserved better than removal of the whole kidney.

A radical orchidectomy is indicated in the management of a suspected testicular tumour. A testicular tumour should be suspected in any patient with the physical findings of a painless, firm, and irregular mass arising from the testicle. If you wish, a silicone prosthesis can be inserted in place of the original testicle at the time of the orchidectomy or at a later date.

Penile plication is indicated in patients with a penile curvature angle greater than 30° associated with difficulty in vaginal penetration in patients who are able to achieve an erection. Your urologist will wait until you peyronie’s disease has reached a stable phase (no pain or worsening of curvature for 3-6 months) before recommending surgical treatment.

A transperineal prostate biopsy is done to obtain sample of prostatic tissue to assess it for prostate cancer. It is indicated dues to elevated PSA, abnormal rectal exam, abnormal prostate MRI suspicious for prostate cancer.

An open radical prostatectomy is performed to treat prostate cancer.

A robotic radical prostatectomy is performed to treat prostate cancer.

Indications for prostatectomy TURP/LASER include urinary tract symptoms not improving with medication, chronic urinary retention, bladder stones, recurrent bleeding from enlarged prostate, kidney problems from pressure on bladder from enlarged prostate. Discuss your condition with Urological Surgeon Dr Nikhil Sapre at Urology Care Toowoomba.

Indications for a Prostatic Urethral Lift (Urolift) include lower urinary tract symptoms not improving with medication, urinary retention, where patients wish to avoid sexual side-effects of a TURP / LASER prostatectomy, patients who have significant medical problems or are on blood thinning medications.

A pyeloplasty is needed when there is a blockage at the pelviureteric junction (where the urine from the kidney drains into the ureter tube).

The main benefits of Rezum Therapy compared with other surgical treatments for prostate enlargement, are a short hospital stay, minimally invasive procedure and a significantly lower chance sexual side-effects such as retrograde (dry) ejaculation or erectile dysfunction (impotence).

A transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) procedure is performed to confirm a diagnosis of bladder cancer, to remove tumours to reduce the risk of bleeding, to assess the aggressiveness (stage and grade) of the tumours.

You will be referred for this procedure if your urologist needs more information about your bladder function before offering further treatments. It is often used to assess the cause of lower urinary tract symptoms to assess potential benefit of primary / re-do prostate surgery, the nature and severity of urinary leakage, and to assess the impact of neurological conditions on the urinary tract.

Ureteric stent procedures are normally carried out because of blockage to one or both of your ureters (tubes that drain urine from the kidney to the bladder). The causes of the blockage may include kidney stones, stricture (narrowing) of the ureter and after surgery or instrumentation of the bladder or ureters. The stent is a specially- designed, hollow tube made of a flexible material, which is designed to stay in the urinary system by having both ends coiled to stop it moving.

Indications for Ureteroscopy include the treatment of stones in the ureter or kidney, investigation of abnormal areas or blockages in the ureter or kidney, diagnosis and treatment of tumours of the ureter or kidney, and surveillance after previous treatment of cancers of lining bladder, ureter or kidney.