An artificial urinary sphincter (synthetic male sling) is an effective treatment for men with mild stress urinary incontinence (involuntary leakage). In the vast majority of men, this is done for post post-prostatectomy urinary leakage. It is not an effective treatment in men with previous pelvic radiation.

A transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) procedure is performed to confirm a diagnosis of bladder cancer, to remove tumours to reduce the risk of bleeding, to assess the aggressiveness (stage and grade) of the tumours.

You will be referred for this procedure if your urologist needs more information about your bladder function before offering further treatments. It is often used to assess the cause of lower urinary tract symptoms to assess potential benefit of primary / re-do prostate surgery, the nature and severity of urinary leakage, and to assess the impact of neurological conditions on the urinary tract.

Ureteric stent procedures are normally carried out because of blockage to one or both of your ureters (tubes that drain urine from the kidney to the bladder). The causes of the blockage may include kidney stones, stricture (narrowing) of the ureter and after surgery or instrumentation of the bladder or ureters. The stent is a specially- designed, hollow tube made of a flexible material, which is designed to stay in the urinary system by having both ends coiled to stop it moving.

Indications for Ureteroscopy include the treatment of stones in the ureter or kidney, investigation of abnormal areas or blockages in the ureter or kidney, diagnosis and treatment of tumours of the ureter or kidney, and surveillance after previous treatment of cancers of lining bladder, ureter or kidney.

The main indication for vasectomy is unwanted fertility. A vasectomy is a permanent contraceptive method that prevents pregnancy better than any other method of birth control, except abstinence.